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History of Garut City Establishment

Hello friends, here I will explain a little history about the establishment of a beautiful city named Garut. Yes that is Garut, my hometown. Garut is a city that is still beautiful and the air is still cool. Far away from the fumes and industrial pollution. Okay, this is the history of Garut city, from its establishment to the origin of the name Garut itself. Check it out guys.


Background

History of Garut begins with the dissolution of Limbangan regency in 1811 by Daendels by reason of coffee production from the area Limbangan decreased to the lowest point zero and the Regents refused orders to plant indigo (indigo). On February 16, 1813, the Lieutenant Governor in Indonesia at that time occupied by Stamford Raffles, has issued a decree on the re-establishment of the District Limbangan that its capital in Suci. For a District City, Suci was judged to have no requirements because the area is quite narrow.

In this case, the Regent of Limbangan Adipati Adiwijaya (1813-1831) formed a committee to find a suitable place for the Capital District. At first, the committee found Cimurah, about 3 kms East from Suci (Nowadays the village is known by the name of Kampung Pidayeuheun). But in this place, clean water was difficult to obtain, so it was not suitable to be used as a Capital. Further, the committee were looking for the location of the Suci westward, about 5 Kms and get a place suitable to be used as capital. Beside the land was fertile, also the place had a water spring which flew into the River Cimanuk and beautiful scenery surrounded by mountains, such as Mount Cikuray, Papandayan, Mount Guntur, Mount Galunggung, Mount Talaga Bodas and Mount Karacak.

When found the water springs that was like a small lake covered thorny shrubs (Marantha), a member of the committee "kakarut" or scratched hands until they bled. In the group of the committee, an European also participated to fix and to clean or "ngabaladah" the places. When he saw the hands of one of the committee bled, he directly asked: "Why bleed?" People who scratched replied, her hand "kakarut". And after that, Europeans or the Netherlands imitated the word "kakarut" by their tongue that were not fluently so that it was called to be "gagarut".

Since then, the workers in the group of committee named thorny plants called "Ki Garut" and named the lake "Ci Garut". (The location of this lake is now occupied by buildings of Junior High School I,II, IV of Garut). With the discovery of Ci Garut, the area around it is known by the name Garut. And spark of Garut name is approved by the Regent of Limbangan, Adipati Adiwijaya to be the capital city of Limbangan.

On September 15, 1813 conducted a groundbreaking ceremony for the construction of facilities and infrastructure of the capital, such as shelter, hall (Pendopo), office assistant resident, mosques, and the square (Alun-alun). In front of the hall, between the square and the Hall there was a "Babancong" a Regent and other government officials place to deliver a speech to public. After the spots had been completed, the capital city of Limbangan moved from Suci to Garut about the year 1821. Based on the Decree of the Governor General No: 60 dated May 7, 1913, the name "Limbangan District" changed to Garut Regency, and had a capital district in Garut city on July 1, 1913 . At that time, the Regent was RAA Wiratanudatar (1871-1915). Garut city at that time included three villages, named "Kota Kulon Village", "Kota Wetan Village", and "Margawati Village". Garut district included districts. They were Bayongbong, Cibatu, Tarogong, Leles, Balubur Limbangan, Cikajang, Bungbulang and Pameungpeuk.

In 1915, RAA Wiratanudatar replaced by his nephew Adipati Suria Karta Legawa (1915-1929). During his reign, on August 14, 1925, by decision of the Governor General, Garut being approved as a stand-alone regional administration (autonomous). Autonomous authority entitled to run Garut in some cases, the maintenance problems associated with roads, bridges, sanitation, and polyclinics. During the period 1930-1942, the regent who served in Garut is Adipati Moh. Moses Suria Kartalegawa. He was appointed as a Regent of Garut in 1929 replaced his father, Adipati Suria Karta Legawa (1915-1929).


Physical development of the City

Until the 1960s, the physical development of the Garut city divided into three periods, namely the first (1813-1920) growing linearly. At that time in Garut many buildings established by the Dutch colonial government for the benefit of government, investing in the plantation business, extracting mineral resources and tourist objects. The construction of settlements, especially around the main square (Alun-alun) and extends to the east along the road Societeit Straat.

The second period (1920-1940), Garut develops concentrically. The change occurred because in the first period given service project for the residents.The face of city structuring began to change with the establishment of several city facilities, such as railway stations, post offices, pharmacies, schools, hotels, shops (owned by China, Japan, India and Europe) and market.

The third period (1940-1960's), Garut city development tends to follow multiple nuclei model (Teori Inti Berganda). This development can be seen in trade zones, education, housing and population growth.


General state of the City

At the beginning of the 20th century, the city of Garut refers to the pattern of a heterogeneous society as a result of urbanization. Diversity of communities and the growth of Garut city closely associated with the efforts of the plantation business and tourist objects in the area of Garut.

The Dutch were instrumental in the construction of agricultural and plantations in Garut was KF Holle. To honor his work, the Dutch colonial government to perpetuate the name Holle becomes a street in the city of Garut, namely road Holle (Jl.Mandalagiri) and made the bust chest of Holle in Garut Square (Alun-alun)

The opening of these plantations also followed by the construction of hotels in the Year 1917. The hotels were a place to stay and entertainment for the employees of the estate or the tourists who come from abroad. Hotels in Garut, namely Papandayan, Hotel Villa Dolce, Hotell Belvedere and Hotel Van Hengel.

Outside the city of Garut, there were Cilawu Ngamplang Hotels, Cisurupan Hotel in Cisurupan, Malay Tarogong Hotels, Bagendit Hotel in Banyuresmi, Kamojang Hotel in Samarang and Cilauteureun Hotel in Pameungpeuk. News about the beauty of the city of Garut spread throughout the world, which makes the city of Garut as a tourist spot.

Determination of Garut Day

As already agreed from the beginning, all the communities in Garut have agreed that anniversary day of Garut was not on May 17, 1913 which was when renaming Limbangan to be Garut, but when the city district of Garut was opened and built infrastructure in preparation for the capital district of Limbangan. Therefore, starting in 1963 Garut Day is celebrated every September 15, based on the findings of the History Fact Finding Team refers to the date of September 15, 1813 on the text contained in Leuwidaun bridge before it was renovated. But public faith about standard about anniversary of Garut Determination so changed. In PERDA (Local Regulation) of Garut No. 30 of 2011 about Garut Anniversary Day, declared that the Day of Garut is deemed more appropriate on February 16, 1813.

Search anniversary Garut rests on the question of when it first appeared the term "Garut". As described in the Background above, that the phrase that appears when "ngabaladah" in finding a place for the capital district of Limbangan regency that RAA Adiwijaya ordered as Regent inaugurated on February 16, 1813. Facts about Bridge Leuwidaun that laying the first stone is dated 15 September 1918 also be taken into account. So, the origin of name "Garut" is believed to be on a day between February 16, 1813 to 15 September 1918.

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